Arboriculture Glossary of Terms
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- EABemerald ash borer
- EACEuropean Arboricultural Council
- early-successional plant communitiesplant communities that first develop following disturbance. Succession is the replacement of one plant community by another.
- earth augersee soil auger.
- easementlegal. non-possessory interest in real property that conveys use or partial use. but not ownership. of all. or more typically a portion. of an owner's property.
- ECeElectrical conductivity of a soil extract. a physical quantity that measures the readiness with which a medium transmits electricity
- ecologythe study of the relationships between organisms and other living and non-living elements of their environment. economic threshold
- economic benefitsgoods or services provided by the urban forest that increase monetary value of property.
- ecosystemcomplex system of living organisms and their abiotic environment.
- ecotypeLocally adapted variant of an organism. differing genetically from other ceotypes
- ectomycorrhizaetype of mycorrhizae that grow between the cortical or epidermal cells of absorbing roots. forming an outer sheath around the root (see mycorrhizae; contrast with endomycorrlzizae).
- ECwElectrical conductivity of water. a physical quantity that measures the readiness with which a medium transmits electricity
- edema (oedema)watery swelling in plant tissue.
- EElEdison Electric Institute
- effluentWaste material such as liquid industrial refuse or sewage that is discharged into the environment
- EHAPelectrical hazard awareness program
- EHSextra-high strength; extra-heavy standard
- EHS cablesee extra-high-strength cable.
- Elaeocarpus hainanensisHainan Elaeocarpus
- electric supply linesin an electric utility system. conductors used to transmit or distribute electric energy and their necessary supporting or containing structures (see conductor; contrast with distribution lines and transmission lines).
- electric utilityI) corporation. person. agency. authority. or other legal entity aligned with distribution facilities for delivering electricity to consumers. 2) the system of facilities maintained by an electric utility to carry out its operation.
- electrical conductivity (EC)A physical quantity that measures the readiness with which a medium transmits electricity
- electrical conductor1) in an electric utility system. metal wires. cables. and other system components used for carrying electric current. Conductors may be solid or stranded (i.e.. built up by an assembly of smaller solid conductors). 2) any object. material. or medium (e.g.. guy wires. communication cables. tools. equipment. vehicles. humans. animals) capable of conducting electricity if energized. intentionally or unintentionally.
- electrical currentamount of electricity passing through an electrical conductor. Measured in amperes (amps).
- electrical potentialdifference in electric energy between an energized conductor. another energized conductor. the ground or other object. Measured in volts.
- electrical resistancerelative opposition of an object. material. or medium to the flow of electrical current. Measured in ohms. Material such as copper has low resistance and is. therefore. a good conductor; material such as glass has high resistance and is therefore a good insulator (see ohm).
- elevating work platform (EWP)aerial platforms used on work sites in place of ladders and tower scaffolds.
- embolismair bubbles in the xylem typically entering during periods of drought or injury.
- embryorudimentary plant in the seed before it starts a period of rapid growth.
- emergence holesholes in the bark created by insects leaving the plant to complete their life cycle. Also ~ called exit holes.
- emergency responsepredetermined set of procedures ~ by which emergency situations are assessed and handled.
- endline looploop created in the end of a rope by ] forming any of numerous termination knots.
- endomycorrhizaetype of mycorrhizae that grow within root cells (see mycorrhizae; contrast with ectomycorrhizae).
- energized conductorconductor through which electrical current is flowing. This may be intended and expected or the unintended and unexpected result of an electrical short.
- energyin physics. the potential to do work.
- engineered fillmaterial used as a construction base that is different from the surrounding soil profile and has a known compaction rate or load-bearing capacity.
- entireterm describing a leaf margin without teeth.
- environmental benefitsimprovements to the natural world (e.g.. air and water quality) provided by the urban forest.
- environmental impact report (EIR)a document used in planning and development that describes the existing environmental conditions within a property. the significant environmental effects of a project (impacts) . possible ways to minimize significant effects (mitigation). and reasonable alternatives to the project. Contrast with negative declaration.
- EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency
- epicormicShoots that arise from latent or adventitious buds; may occur on branches. stems. or from basal suckers
- epicormic shootshoot arising from a dormant bud. or from newly formed adventitious tissue.
- epidermisouter tissue of leaves. stems. roots. flowers. and seeds.
- epinastydownward curling of the leaf blade. Often a symptom of plant disease. Distortion of growth. often caused by certain types of herbicides.
- epiphytenonparasitic plant that uses another plant as a host for mechanical support. but does not derive nutrients or water from it (contrast with parasite and saprophyte).
- Epipremnum pinnatumEpipremnum pinnatum
- eradicationtotal removal of a species from a particular area. May refer to pathogens or insect pests or to unwanted plants.
- eriophyid mitesmites in the family Eriophyidae. Often even smaller that other mites and requiring higher magnification to see. Often associated with leaf galls (see mites).
- erosionthe wearing away of the land by the movement of water. wind. or ice.
- Erythrina variegataCoral Tree
- escape routein felling operations. direction for chain saw operator to move while tree is falling. Generally 45 degrees on either side of a line drawn opposite the intended direction of fall.
- ESPexchangeable sodium percentage
- espalier1) n. specialized technique of pruning and training plants to grow within a plane. such as along a wall or a fence. 2) n. a plant trained in that manner. 3) v. to train plants in that manner.
- essential elementsminerals essential to the growth and development of trees. These minerals are essential because plants cannot complete their life cycle without them (see macronutrient. micronutrient. and primary elements).
- establishto grow. or cause a plant to grow. successfully in a new place. In forestry. may refer to initial planting and care; in landscaping. may refer to care after planting until the plant is growing successfully.
- ETCCEuropean Tree Climbing Championship
- ethephonplant growth regulator used to promote fruit ripening. Also stimulates latex flow in rubber trees.
- ethylenegaseous plant hormone that triggers fruit ripening and plant senescence.
- etiolationCondition involving increased stem elongation. poor leaf development. and a lack of chlorophyll; found in plants growing in the dark or with greatly reduced amount of light
- Eucalyptus citriodoraLemon-scented Gum
- Eucalyptus robustaSwamp Mahogany
- evaporative potentialPotential of a site to cause evapotranspiration from plants
- evapotranspirationLoss of water from a soil by evaporation or from plants by transpiration
- evapotranspiration (ET)loss of water by evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration by plants.
- evergreentree or other plant that does not shed all of its foliage annually. but rather progressively over a period of years (contrast with deciduous).
- exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)Degree of saturation of the soil exchange complex with sodium
- Excoecaria cochinchinsisExcoecaria cochinchinsis
- excurrenta pattern of tree branching characterized by a central leader and a pyramidal. cone-shaped crown (contrast with decurrent).
- exfoliatingpeeling off in shreds or layers. Usually refers to bark.
- exit holessee emergence holes.
- exotic speciesspecies of plant or other organism not native or indigenous to a region. May be invasive (contrast with introduced species. native species. and naturalized species).
- exotropyability of a root or branch to resume its original direction of growth after being deflected by an object.
- extra-high-strength (EHS) cablein tree support systems. type of 7 -strand steel cable. often used to cable trees. Stronger but less flexible than common-grade cable. Must be terminated with dead-end tree grips or terminal fasteners.
- exudationoozing from pores or breaks in cell membranes.
- eye bolta drop-forged. closed-eye bolt. used to anchor cables to a tree in a through-fastened system.
- eye slingsee dead-eye sling.
- eye splice1) in cabling. a closed termination loop. hand found in common-grade cable by wrapping the successive strands back upon the standing part to attach the cable to anchor hardware. 2) a rope or cable splice that forms a closed eye or loop.
- eye-spliced ropelength of rope that has been spliced back upon itself to from an eye in the end.
- eye-to-eye slingsling (usually a length of spliced rope) with an eye at each end. Also called eye-and-eye sling.