Arboriculture Glossary of Terms
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- etiolationCondition involving increased stem elongation. poor leaf development. and a lack of chlorophyll; found in plants growing in the dark or with greatly reduced amount of light
- Eucalyptus citriodoraLemon-scented Gum
- Eucalyptus robustaSwamp Mahogany
- evaporative potentialPotential of a site to cause evapotranspiration from plants
- evapotranspirationLoss of water from a soil by evaporation or from plants by transpiration
- evapotranspiration (ET)loss of water by evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration by plants.
- evergreentree or other plant that does not shed all of its foliage annually. but rather progressively over a period of years (contrast with deciduous).
- exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)Degree of saturation of the soil exchange complex with sodium
- Excoecaria cochinchinsisExcoecaria cochinchinsis
- excurrenta pattern of tree branching characterized by a central leader and a pyramidal. cone-shaped crown (contrast with decurrent).
- exfoliatingpeeling off in shreds or layers. Usually refers to bark.
- exit holessee emergence holes.
- exotic speciesspecies of plant or other organism not native or indigenous to a region. May be invasive (contrast with introduced species. native species. and naturalized species).
- exotropyability of a root or branch to resume its original direction of growth after being deflected by an object.
- extra-high-strength (EHS) cablein tree support systems. type of 7 -strand steel cable. often used to cable trees. Stronger but less flexible than common-grade cable. Must be terminated with dead-end tree grips or terminal fasteners.
- exudationoozing from pores or breaks in cell membranes.
- eye bolta drop-forged. closed-eye bolt. used to anchor cables to a tree in a through-fastened system.
- eye slingsee dead-eye sling.
- eye splice1) in cabling. a closed termination loop. hand found in common-grade cable by wrapping the successive strands back upon the standing part to attach the cable to anchor hardware. 2) a rope or cable splice that forms a closed eye or loop.
- eye-spliced ropelength of rope that has been spliced back upon itself to from an eye in the end.
- eye-to-eye slingsling (usually a length of spliced rope) with an eye at each end. Also called eye-and-eye sling.
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- face cutnotch cut used to help control the direction of fall of trees or branches being removed.
- face notchwedge-shaped cut forming the front of the hinge. Used to help control the direction of fall of trees or branches being removed. Scarf cut.
- facility (facilities)in utility systems. structure or equipment used to deliver or provide protection for the delivery of an essential service. such as electricity or communication.
- Fagraea ceylanica Fagraea ceylanica
- failure potentialin tree risk assessment. the professional assessment of the likelihood for a tree or tree part to fail within a defined time frame.
- fair leada rigging device that guides a line. rope. or cable around an object or out of the way. Does not add mechanical advantage. Can be a block. hook. ring. or a hole in a structure (see slack tender; contrast with redirect).
- fall-arrest harnessa full-body harness with a dorsal or sternal attachment. equipped with a shock-absorbing lanyard. designed to absorb the shock of a fall. reducing the forces exerted on the body. A fall arrest system is used only in the event of a fall and is not designed for work positioning.
- fall protectionequipment and techniques designed to ensure a climber will not fall from a tree or an aerial lift.
- false crotchdevice installed in a tree to hold and direct ropes during climbing or rigging when there is not a suitable natural union available. or to protect an available union. and/or to reduce wear on ropes.
- familytaxonomic group under the order level and above the genus level.
- fasciationMalformation of plant tissue or stems commonly manifested as enlargement and flattening. as if fused
- fascicle sheathportion of a pine tree which secures the needles together in characteristic clusters of two. three. or five.
- Fatsia japonicaFatsia japonica
- FCfield capacity; Forestry Commission
- feeder (distribution feeder)in an electric utility system. a high-priority electric distribution supply line-generally 12.000 to 34.500 volts-that carries electricity from distribution substations to other primary distribution supply lines or distribution transformers.
- fellingdropping or cutting down a tree.
- felling wedgea metal or plastic wedge inserted into the back cut to help direct the path in which a tree or tree part falls.
- fermentation1) incomplete path of respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen. 2) the conversion of organic substances to alcohol and other metabolites by the action of enzymes (or ferments) that may invade a tree's vascular system. The reaction may be aerobic or anaerobic. depending on the microorganisms or enzymes used.
- fertilization (fertilisation)application of essential elements to a plant. usually through the soil.
- fertilizer analysisthe composition of a fertilizer expressed as a percentage by weight of total nitrogen (N). available phosphoric acid (Pp ). soluble potash (Kp). and other nutrients.
- fertilizer burninjury to a plant resulting from excess fertilizer salts in the surrounding soil.
- fertilizer (fertiliser)a material containing one or more of the elements essential for plant growth. development. and reproduction.
- fertilizer ratiothe ratio of total nitrogen (N). available phosphoric acid (Pp). and soluble potash (Kp); for example. the ratio of a 3 0-10-10 fertilizer is 3 to 1 to 1
- FGfield grown
- Ficus benjaminaWeeping Fig
- Ficus elasticaIndia-rubber Tree - Caoutchuc
- Ficus hispidaOpposite-leaved Fig - Rough-leaved Stem-fig
- Ficus microcarpaChinese Banyan
- Ficus pumilaFicus pumila
- Ficus subpisocarpa -
- Ficus variegata var. chlorocarpaCommon Red-stem Fig -
- Ficus virensCommon Red-stem Fig
- field capacitymaximum soil moisture content following the drainage of water due to the force of1 gravity (compare to available water. gravitational water. permanent wilting point. and saturation point).
- field guidea reference with identification information and other pertinent information that includes-but is not limited to-range. ~ growing conditions. life cycle. cultural needs. and distinguishing traits or characteristics.
- FIFRAFederal Insecticide. Fungicide. and Rodenticide Act
- fireblightDestructive disease caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora that occurs in plants in the pome family; symptoms include a blackening of shoots. as though burned
- first aidemergency care or treatment of the injuries or illnesses of a person to stabilize his or her condition before medical help is available.
- fleckingDevelopment of small marks. spots.
- flush cutpruning cut through and/or removing the branch collar. causing unnecessary injury to the trunk or parent stem.
- foliageleaves of a plant.
- foliar analysislaboratory analysis of the mineral content of foliage.
- foliar applicationapplying a fertilizer. pesticide. or other substance directly to the foliage.
- forestrymanagement of forests. using silvicultural treatments. to provide a variety of forest benefits including timber. aesthetics. wildlife habitat. and/or recreational opportunities.
- Form 1(Tree Group Inspection) the purpose is to facilitate an initial screening of trees. Each tree in a tree group has to be inspected systematically for identifying potential tree hazards or tree required for detailed individual tree risk assessment (Form 2).
- Form 2Individual Tree Risk Assessment to conduct a detailed assessment of an individual tree that needs special attention. This is an in-depth inspection that examines the full range of tree defects and site conditions present to determine the risk level of a tree to fail and strike a target. A tree hazard rating with follow-up mitigation actions to address the identified defects and tree problems are given in the assessment. In some cases, use of advance equipment is required to identify,(...)
- formagroup of plants within a species having distinct variations that occur sporadically and naturally.
- frassfecal material and/or wood shavings produced by insects.
- free climbclimbing a tree without being secured by a climbing rope.
- French Prusiktype of friction hitch used in climbing and rigging.
- frictionspecific type of force that resists the relative motion between two objects in contact. The direction is always opposite the motion.
- friction hitchany of numerous knots used in tree ~I climbing or rigging that may alternately slide along and then grip a rope.
- friction savera specific type of artificial tie-in point used for climbing trees to reduce damage to the tree and climbing line.
- frillinga method of herbicide application where tools are used to remove the bark of target woody plants. ~! and herbicide is applied to the wound.
- fringe benefitsemployee compensation in addition to wages; commonly include insurance. retirement. vacation time. holidays. and sick leave.
- frondslarge. divided leaf structures found in palms !! ! and ferns.
- fruiting bodyreproductive structure of a fungus. The presence of certain species may indicate decay in a tree (see conk and bracket).
- functional goalsin landscape design. the set of goals pertaining to the future needs and practical purpose of the site.
- functional valuevalue of the environmental. aesthetic. or architectural functions of a plant.
- fungicideschemical compounds that are toxic to fungi.
- fungus(pl. fungi) group of organisms from the kingdom Fungi. including yeasts. molds. mushrooms. and smuts. Typically multicellular. saprophytic. or parasitic and lacking vascular tissue and chlorophyll. Reproduces by spores borne in fruiting bodies.
- Fuscoporia senex
- fusesdevices on electrical conductors or devices that protect electrical systems by interrupting current in response to sudden increases in current caused by electrical shorts or overloads.
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- gaffpointed. spur portion of a climbing spurs (see climbi11g spurs).
- gallabnormal swelling of plant tissues caused by gall wasps. mites. nematodes. and various insects and less commonly by fungi or bacteria (contrast with burl).
- galleriescomplex of tunnels created by insects in plant tissues for feeding. reproduction. and sheltering. The pattern created by these galleries can sometimes be used for pest identification.
- gallsVarious abnormal woody growths that occur on tree stems. branches. trunks. and roots
- Gantt chartwork organization tool in which project schedules are plotted in a bar chart.
- Garcinia subellipticaCommon Garcinia
- gatemechanism to control the opening and closing of a connecting device (see carabiner and snap).
- generaplural of genus (see gemts).
- general revenuefunds derived from local property taxes.
- generationin entomology. a cohort of individuals _1_.. going through or having gone through a complete life cycle. Under favorable conditions. some pests can have more than one generation per year.
- genus(pl. genera) taxonomic group. composed of species having similar fundamental traits. Botanical classification under the family level and above the specific epithet level.
- genus (pl. genera)taxonomic group. composed of species having similar fundamental traits. Botanical -! classification under the family level and above the species level.
- geotextile fabricsynthetic fabric used in landscaping and in landscape or road construction applications as a barrier under mulch or pavement to reduce weed . germination and growth. as a filter to reduce infiltration of fine soil into drainage or aeration structures (including tiles or pipes). as a barrier to separate and prevent infiltration of fill or paving layers (e.g.. to prevent gravel paving from infiltrating a tree root zone). and/or to spread the load of a paving or fill layer and reduce(...)
- girdlingrestriction or destruction of the vascular xylem within a root. stem. or branch that causes inhibition of the flow of water and photosynthates in the phloem.
- GISgeographic information system
- glazingTo give a smooth. glossy surface to a substrate
- global positioning system (GPS)satellite navigation system that provides specially coded satellite signals that can be processed in a receiver. enabling the receiver to compute position; used in mapping locations.