Arboriculture Glossary of Terms
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- blightany disease or disorder. regardless of their.. causal agent that kills young plant tissues .
- blisterElevation of epidc:rmis containing watery liquid
- BLMBureau of Land Management
- block1) heavy-duty pulley used in rigging. designed for dynamic loading. 2) casing enclosing one or more parallel pulleys.
- block and tacklesystem of two or more pulleys with a rope or cable threaded between them. usually used to lift or pull heavy loads.
- blocking1) method of using an arborist block to rig down trunk sections (contra t with butt-hitching). 2) l in some countries. to remove a trunk by cutting and dropping small pieces at a time.
- BMPbest management practices
- BoDboard of directors
- body-thrustmethod of ascending a tree using a climbing rope.
- bolemain trunk of a tree below the branches. usually used in reference to a tall tree whose first branch is high off the ground.
- bolt1) lag-or machine-threaded cable anchor or bracing rod; used with a nut and washer in supplemental support systems in trees. 2) a machine threaded fastener used with a nut and washer in various equipment or structures.
- Bombax ceibaTree Cotton - Red Kapok Tree
- bonding conductoran electrical connection between an electrically conductive object and a component of a lightning protection system that is intended to significantly reduce potential differences created by lightning currents.
- bonsaiart of managing tree growth through branch and root pruning to maintain a miniature form and size.
- boomlong. movable arm of an aerial device or crane.
- border zonea section of a transmission or pipeline right-of-way that extends from the wire or pipe zone to the right-of-way edge. The border zone is managed to promote a low-growing plant community of forbs. tall shrub . and low-growing trees below a specified height (e.g.. 25 ft or 7.5 m).
- bore cutusing the tip of a chain saw to cut into or through the middle of a piece of wood. Back-cut technique in which the hinge is established by plunge cutting through the stern. then cutting back away from the hinge. Plunge cut (contrast with back cut).
- botanical pesticidepesticide derived from plants.
- botanicalscompounds (pesticides. oils. etc.) made from plants.
- Bougainvillea spectabilisBougainvillea spectabilis
- bowlineloop knot used to form single or double endline loop(s) in a rope. often to attach items to the rope (see bowline on a bight. running bowline).
- bowline on a bightknot used to form two loops in the standing part of a rope.
- box cable systemtree support cabling system that forms closed polygons. Used to join together more than three stems (contrast with direct cable system and triangular cable system).
- bracingthe installation of lag-threaded screws or threaded-steel rods in limbs. leaders. or trunks to provide supplemental support to weak branch unions.
- bracing rodmetal rod installed through branches or stems to limit movement and provide supplemental support.
- bractmodified leaf. usually growing just below the flower petals. Sometimes more prominent than and mistaken for the actual flower petals (e.g.. in Comus spp.).
- braided roperope construction in which the strands are woven together in a diagonal pattern (see strand).
- brancha secondary shoot or stem in a woody plant generally smaller than the parent.
- branch anglethe angle. in decurrent trees typically less than 90 degrees. formed in the union between stem and branch.
- branch arrangementorientation and distribution of branches along a larger stem or main trunk.
- branch bark ridgeraised strip of bark at the top of a branch union. where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge.
- branch collararea where a subdominate branch joins another branch or trunk that is created by the overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk. Typically enlarged at the base of the branch.
- branch protection zonechemically and physically modified tissue within the trunk or parent branch at the base of a smaller. subordinate branch that retards the spread of discoloration and decay from the subordinate stem into the trunk or parent branch.
- branch tapernatural. gradual reduction in the diameter of a branch from its point of origin to the tip (see taper).
- branch unionpoint where a branch originates from the trunk or another branch (see crotch).
- breach of dutyfailure to act in a reasonable manner.
- breaking strengthforce at which a new piece of equipment or rope fails under a static load.
- Breynia nivosa Breynia nivosa
- Bridelia tomentosaPop-gun Seed - Pikpoktai
- bridge graftmethod to repair a semi-girdled to completely girdled main trunk or other stem in which scion wood is grafted above and below the injury to reconnect the vascular cambium.
- broad-spectrum pesticidepesticide that kills a large number of unrelated species
- broadcast fertilizationapplication of granular fertilizer over the soil surface (contrast with drill-hole fertilization and liquid fertilization).
- Broussonetia papyriferaPaper Mulberry
- brown root rotPhellinus noxius (有害木層孔菌) is a white simultaneous rot fungus that causes Brown Root Rot(BRR) disease (褐根病), which could result in rapid health and structural deterioration of trees and may lead to tree failure.
- brownout1) term describing the brown appearance of dead foliage. usually following the application of herbicide. 2) term describing a reduction in power distributed by an electric utility. usually associated with extreme demand but sometimes with tree-related damage.
- BRRPhellinus noxius (有害木層孔菌) is a white simultaneous rot fungus that causes Brown Root Rot(BRR) disease (褐根病), which could result in rapid health and structural deterioration of trees and may lead to tree failure.
- Brunsfelsia calycinaBrunsfelsia calycina
- brush chippersee chipper.
- BSBritish Standard
- BSIBritish Standards Institution
- buckingcutting of a tree trunk or log into shorter. manageable sections.
- buckstrapstrap used in tree climbing. often employed for ascending trees with climbing spurs. (see lanyard. flip line. safety lanyard. and work-positioning lanyard).
- budundeveloped flower or shoot containing a meristematic growing point. Small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem of a plant that may develop into a flower or shoot.
- bud tracevascular connection extending from the base of latent buds inward to near the pith. Often accompanied by altered wood grain. Grows in length with each annual increment and appears as a thin. continuous line when viewed in longitudinal section.
- budgetitemized estimate of expected income and expenses for a given period in the future used to allocate resources to programs and activates; a management plan for meeting the organization's goals and objectives.
- budget cyclethe process of compiling. reviewing. and approving a budget. usually taking place over several months.
- buffering capacityability of a soil to maintain (i.e.. resist change in) its pH.
- bulk densitymass of soil per unit volume. Often used as a measure of soil compaction.
- bull ropelarge diameter rope used in rigging.
- buntline hitchhitch commonly used to attach a line to a piece of hardware.
- burl(burr) an abnormal swelling of a tree trunk characterized by swirling wood grain and meristematic tissue. Wood with these structures is prized for woodworking. Contrast with gall.
- burl (burr)an abnormal swelling of a tree trunk characterized by swirling wood grain and meristematic tissue. Wood with these structures is prized for woodworking (contrast with gall).
- burlapstrong. coarsely woven cloth made from fibers of jute. flax. hemp. or synthetic fibers; also referred to as Hessian.
- bushing1) metallic tube or lining. without moving parts. to reduce friction between mechanical parts such as a pulley sheave and an axle; also the nonrotating sheave used to increase the bend radius for the sling attachment (contrast with bearing). 2) a device. often made of rubber or plastic. to reduce vibration or wear between mechanical parts. 3) a fitting used to connect plumbing parts of different diameters (such as in spray equipment).
- butt-hitchingmethod of lowering pieces when the rigging point is below the work. traditionally without the use of a block (contrast with blocking).
- butt-tyingtying off a limb at the butt (larger) end for rigging. allowing the branch to be lowered tip-end first.
- butterfly knotknot that can be used to form a loop in the standing part of a line.
- buttress rootsroots at the trunk base that help support the tree.
- bypass prunera tool that pus hes a sharpened blade through a small-diameter ste m. past an unsharpened hooked or curved blade. Also called secateurs. pruning shears. or hand pruners (contrast with anvil-type pruning tool).
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- cable1) v. to install steel cable or synthetic rope between branches within a tree to limit movement and provide supplemental support. 2) n. steel wires twisted together in a uniform helical arrangement; cable intended for arboricultural applications typically contain seven wires that are zinc-coated. 3) n. steel or fiber ropes installed between branches within a tree to limit movement and provide supplemental support.
- cable aiddevice used to tighten lags and aid in cable installation.
- cable anchorin tree support systems. hardware to which a cable termination is affixed in a cabling or guying installation.
- cable clampdouble-bolted. U-shaped clamp. sometimes used to secure tree cables.
- cable gripmechanical device that grasps and holds cable during installation. Also called a cable puller.
- cable stopin tree support systems. metal fitting that can be affixed to the ends of steel cable strands to terminate a cable installation.
- cablinginstallation of steel or synthetic cable in a tree to provide supplemental support to weak branches or crotches.
- Caesalpinia pulcherrima Caesalpinia pulcherrima
- CAIDIcustomer average interruption f duration index
- calcareousSoil or media containing calcium carbonate; a soil alkaline in reaction because of the presence or calcium carbonate
- caliperinstrument used to measure the diameter of the trunk of a tree.
- Calliandra haematocephala Calliandra haematocephala
- Callistemon rigidusStiff Bottle-brush - Rigid Bottle-brush
- Callistemon viminalisCallistemon viminalis
- callusundifferentiated tissue formed by the cambium. carbon. hydrogen. and oxygen in a proportion of usually as the result of wounding (contrast with woundwood).
- Camellia crapnellianaCamellia crapnelliana
- Canadian Standards Association (CSA)Canadian not-for-profit association. made up of representatives from government agencies. industry and other stakeholders. providing standards documentation and training materials. Serves a similar role to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in the United States.
- Canna indicaCanna indica
- canopycollective branches and foliage of a tree or group octrees' crowns. Aggregate or collective tree crowns.
- canopy covercollective area covered with tree crowns; most easily determined from an aerial photograph.
- cant hooklever with an adjustable hook and having a blunt end instead of a spike. Used for handling and rolling logs (contrast with peavey).
- capital assetfacilities and equipment that have a useful life of several years or more. The value of capital assets is depreciated over their expected life.
- capital budgetbudget for purchases and the construction. replacement. and maintenance of physical improvements that will be used for many years.
- carbon sequesteringstorage of carbon in plant tissues.
- carbon sequestrationcapturing and long-term storage of carbon. Most often used in reference to the capturing and retention of atmospheric carbon dioxide through biological. chemical. or physical processes. Trees sequester carbon through photosynthesis.
- cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)an emergency procedure in which chest compressions are used to maintain circulation when the heart has stopped beating.
- carotenoidyellow. orange. or red pigment oftentimes responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants. Other chemicals also contribute to these colors. including anthocyanins and anthoxanthins.
- CASConsulting Arborist Society
- Cassia fistulaGolden-shower -
- Cassia siameaKassod Tree -
- Cassia surattensisSunshine Tree -